Plants Res 6:1106–1118Ĭalvano SE, Xiao W, Richards DR, Felciano RM, Baker HV, Cho RJ et al (2005) A network-based analysis of systemic inflammation in humans.

Biochem Pharmacol 116:1–10īorokini TI, Omotayo FO (2012) Phytochemical and ethnobotanical study of some selected medicinal plants from Nigeria. Nutrition 24(7–8):703–710īorghi A, Verstrepen L, Beyaert R (2016) TRAF2 multitasking in TNF receptor-induced signaling to NF-κB, MAP kinases and cell death. Occasional Papers of Bernice 13:224īoots AW, Wilms LC, Swennen EL, Kleinjans JC, Bast A, Haenen GR (2008) In vitro and ex vivo anti-inflammatory activity of quercetin in healthy volunteers. J Neuroinflamm 2(1):7īishop Museum P (1937) Waltheria indica Linnaeus, var. Asian J Plant Sci Res 4(6):52–58īanisor I, Leist TP, Kalman B (2005) Involvement of beta-chemokines in the development of inflammatory demyelination. Pacific Book House, HonoluluĪtif M, Azharuddin M, Rahman SA, Ahmed MI (2014) Mahmood SB (2014), Evaluation of anticataract potential of Waltheria indica in albino rats. J Ethnopharmacol 14(2–3):213–222Īkana A (1922) Hawaiian herbs of medicinal value. Bishop Museum Press, HonoluluĪbbott IA, Shimazu C (1985) The geographic origin of the plants most commonly used for medicine by Hawaiians. Results demonstrate that Waltheria extracts inhibit key inflammatory cytokines and cytokine receptors including protein levels of IL-1B, IL-1ra, IL-8 and IL-6, reduce both mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α and protein levels of its receptor, TNF RII, predicting diminished TNF-α-associated inflammatory signaling that, together with significant reduction of NF-κB mRNA and protein, can effectively diminish activities of multiple pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and mitigate key processes in diseases with inflammatory components.Ībbott IA (1992) La’au Hawai’i: traditional Hawaiian uses of plants. In order to gain insight into inflammatory cascades modulated by Waltheria extracts, and to uncover the mechanistic bases for the effective use of this medicinal plant as a natural anti-inflammatory agent, we have undertaken analyses of LPS and TNF-α/IF-γ-stimulated human macrophages treated with Waltheria extracts using targeted qRT-PCR and Inflammation Panels to test differential mRNA expression of two hundred immune-related genes, furthermore, ELISA assays and Inflammatory Protein arrays to determine extracts-modulated intracellular and secreted levels of prominent cytokines. Yet no systematic studies have examined immune or inflammatory responses affected by these extracts. Results in human subjects and cell and animal models supported anti-inflammatory activity for the Waltheria flavonoid quercetin, and for crude plant extracts, limited animal studies also confirmed anti-inflammatory effects.

Waltheria is also known in various cultures as a medicinal plant for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Americana is one of the most recognized plants.

In Hawaiian traditional medicinal practices, the indigenous ‘uhaloa, Waltheria indica var.

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